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Bring a large pot of generously salted water to a boil. Add the green beans and blanch for 4 to 5 minutes, until crisp-tender.
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Drain the beans and immediately transfer them to a bowl of ice water to stop the cooking. Once cool, drain well and set aside.
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Heat the oven to 375°F. Grease a casserole dish.
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Melt the butter in a large skillet over medium heat. Add the mushrooms and cook until browned and their liquid has mostly evaporated.
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Add the shallot and cook until softened. Stir in the garlic and cook for about 30 seconds.
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Sprinkle in the flour and stir to coat the vegetables. Cook for 1 minute.
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Pour in the Sauvignon Blanc, scraping up the browned bits from the skillet. Let it simmer briefly, then gradually stir in the chicken broth and heavy cream.
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Add the onion and chive cream cheese, herbes de Provence, black pepper, and cayenne. Stir until the cream cheese melts and the sauce is smooth.
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Stir in 1 cup of the Gruyère. Taste the sauce and adjust the salt and seasonings before adding the green beans.
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Fold in the green beans until coated. Transfer the mixture to the prepared casserole dish.
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Combine the remaining ½ cup Gruyère with the fried onions and scatter over the top.
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Bake uncovered for 20 to 25 minutes, until hot and bubbling and the topping is golden.